Косметология және парфюмерия пәні бойынша 2 аралық бақылау жауаптары

 
8такырып. Shampoo- for cleansing the hair and scalp and caring for them. The purpose of hair masks is to intensively moisturize and strengthen the curls, restore their strength and shine, promote regeneration, and also protect against adverse environmental influences. Balsam is a hair care product that is designed to restore them and is used after applying shampoo. 2. Hair and scalp care products for functional purposes are divided into the following groups: scalp care products; hair washing and hair care products; hair coloring products:  Depending on the origin: natural (henna, basma) and chemical;  By color fastness: unstable, relatively resistant, resistant;  A separate group consists of hair bleaching products. hair styling products and hairstyle preservation . 3. Technology The conditioners-balsams technology of the most common creamy form of release includes the following stages: 1.Preparation of raw materials. 2.Preparation of balsam (rinse aid): -preparation of the oil phase at a temperature of 60-70 ° C; -preparation of an aqueous solution of cationic surfactants (60-70°C); -emulsification;  introduction of pH regulators (45 ° C)%; -introduction of non-aqueous solvents (40 "С%; -introduction of biologically active substances, fragrances,  pearlescent additives (40 ° С); -intermediate quality control. 3. Packing, packaging, labeling of the finished product. The technology of preparation of gel and liquid balsams and rinses"  is similar to the technology  liquid and gel shampoos. Technology: Stages of the shampoo production process: 1) Preparation of raw materials. Raw materials received at the warehouse, before being used in production, are necessarily subjected to external examination and laboratory analysis for compliance with the requirements provided for by this technology, after which they are fed to the reactor for unloading; 2) Preparation of the product. Shampoos are prepared by mechanically mixing shampoo components with water in a stirred reactor. The use of a specially designed mixer prevents foaming of the mass. The mixing of the components is carried out at the temperature of the production room and atmospheric pressure. With the stirrer turned on, the water-alcohol extract and surfactants are sequentially loaded into the reactor, which are then mixed. Drinking water is purified at a water treatment complex and is supplied to the reactor with the mixer turned off. . The water supply is controlled by a water meter. Next, the shampoo components are mixed with water. Formalin and perfume are added, with the mixer turned off, a previously prepared sodium chloride solution is poured using a pump and mixed. With the help of a pump, the finished product is fed into an intermediate tank, where it settles, after which a sample is taken and an analysis is made for compliance with the specifications, and upon receipt of positive results, the product is sent for packaging. 4. Quality control of hair care cosmetic. Organoleptic evaluation(оценка) The appearance and color of products having the consistency of an emulsion, gel, jelly, etc., is determined by viewing the sample, placed in a thin even layer on a glass slide or a sheet of white paper. The uniformity of the product - the absence of lumps, grains - is determined by touch by lightly rubbing the sample. The smell of shampoos is evaluated using a 10% aqueous solution at a solution temperature of 40-45 ° C. Physical and chemical quality indicators include: • pH value- 1,2-8,5; • foaming ability; • the degree of irritation of the mucous membrane of the eye; • mass fraction of dry matter- 0,002; • mass fraction of chlorides-0,001.
5. Organoleptic methods for determining the smell, color of part of the signs of the liquid under study The composition of the product and its physical properties, for example, the hydrogen index, physico-chemical methods for determining sulfate, sulfate-free. Additional methods of analysis: spectrographic, chromatographic, etc. chromatographic methods are commonly used in the process of creating and refining ingredients. The spectrographic method is used to find out the effectiveness of the products
6. Ingredients. Surfactants (surfactants) are the basis of any shampoo and play the role of washing, cleansing and foaming components.
The most common surfactant in the formulations of modern shampoos is sodium hydroxyethylated lauryl sulfate - sodium laureth sulfate.
In baby shampoos, soft surfactants (co-surfactants) are mainly used, which are products based on protein hydrolysate and fatty acids, for example, coconut oil. This product is very suitable for creating transparent shampoos.
Thickeners, antistatic agents, preservatives, pH regulators, complexing agents, BAS / dietary supplements, coloring agents, etc. are used as auxiliary raw materials.
Overeating additives. They are used to restore the lipid layer (in other words, to reduce the degreasing effect of shampoo on the scalp and hair). This is especially true for shampoos for the care of dry and damaged hair. These additives give the hair elasticity, shine and improve their appearance.
Overeating additives are mainly fats and oils of natural origin. These include lanolin and its derivatives, almond, coconut, apricot, olive, sesame and other oils. Biologically active additives (dietary supplements). Dietary supplements play an important role in the composition of shampoos: vitamins, plant extracts, algae extracts, fruit acids and others that promote cell renewal, improve hair structure, etc.
9такырып Cream is a cosmetic product for skin care of the face or other parts of the body (hands, feet). 2. Classification of creams: By the nature of the raw materials used, composition, consistency, and technology: Fat, fat-free (gel-like), emulsion. Fat creams: for its intended purpose: protective and special. Emulsion: by technology: creams of the "water/ oil" type, creams of the "oil / water" type, amphiphilic type of creams.  At the place of application: face, legs, nails, eyelids, body, lips, hands. Face: Taking into account the type of skin: dry, oily, normal, combination, sensitive, any type of skin. According to the stage of use: cleansing, basic care, additional care.According to the stage of use: cleansing, basic care, additional care. Creams-masks: depending on the effect: nourishing, moisturizing, renewing, cleansing Body: Body creams,   Special Body Creams: anti-cellulite, self-tanning, massage, erotic products, depilatory creams. Hands: Depending on the composition and purpose: nutritional and protective. By gender: for women,  for men: hygienic: shaving products, aftershave products;  therapeutic - taking into account the characteristics of the skin: for sensitive skin, for all skin types, for shaving with normal and rapid beard growth.By time of use: day and night By age: for children - by appointment: from diaper rash, softening, complex; for teenagers: creams that prevent the formation of acne; for adults: 26-35 years, 36-45 years, after 45 years. 3. In the preparatory department, the following operations are carried out: • preparation of raw materials, • melting and heating of solid components of cosmetic creams (paraffin, stearin, ceresin, high-molecular alcohols, waxes, etc.); • preparation of the fatty base of the cream; • preparation of distilled water (distillation is carried out in a distillation apparatus); • preparation of aqueous solutions of water-soluble components (caustic potassium, borax, sodium chloride, acid solutions, etc.); • storage of a certain stock of raw materials and auxiliary materials. In the brewing department, the following is carried out: mixing of the water and fat phases of the cream; boiling cream; emulsifying the cream; cooling and perfuming the cream; introduction of biologically active additives and other thermally unstable useful components. The packaging department prepares containers, packaging materials, prepares and packs creams.At the end of the production process, the creams are sent to the finished product warehouse. 4. Quality control of cosmetic creams. Conduct an examination of the quality of 2-3 samples of creams received from the manufacture, and give them a comparative assessment according to the following indicators:  The appearance and color of cosmetic creams is determined by viewing the sample, placed in a thin even layer on a glass slide or a sheet of white paper. The uniformity of the cream (absence of lumps and grains) is determined by touch by lightly rubbing the sample. The smell of the cream is evaluated by the organoleptic method in the sample after determining the appearance. The pH of the cream is determined on a pH meter with a set of electrodes. The hydrogen index is measured in an aqueous solution with a mass fraction of a cream of 10%. The determination of colloidal stability is determined for creams of the emulsion type. Determination of thermal stability. An emulsion is considered thermostable if, after thermostating, no separation of the aqueous phase is observed in the test tube. 5. The method of checking cosmetic creams. The color and smell of creams is determined by the organoleptic method.  The composition of creams is determined by physico-chemical methods.  The hydrogen index is determined through the potentiometer method.  In the composition of the cream, the percentage amount of alcohol is determined by chromatographic method.
Ingredients. In the first place — water, as usual. In second place is glycerin, a surface moisturizing component. Glycerin is a moisturizing component. Further in the composition - alcohol denatured, 7%, this is not very good. For sensitive skin, the cream will not work, but the texture will definitely be light, because alcohol is a good solvent. The next component is coconut oil. Softens the skin well. Cetyl alcohol. There is no need to be afraid of this alcohol, because alcohol is different from alcohol. Cetyl alcohol in its appearance resembles candle wax. It is used to give the cream texture, softness. Argan tree oil (Argania Spinosa Oil) is a very good oil, quite expensive, valuable. Aloe Barbadensis extract (Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice) - also very well soothes the skin, moisturizes, but is at the end of the list, that is, there is not much of it here. Tocopherol acetate is vitamin E, a good component. Resin (Xanthan Gum) is used as a texturizer so that the cream does not delaminate. Linalool and limonene are natural preservatives. Another preservative, Benzyl Alcohol, is also not dangerous.
10такырып Plastic mixtures that are applied to the face for various cosmetic purposes are called a cosmetic mask. Classification of masks based on: coarse, emulsion, drying pastes, fatty, gel, soft pastes, powdered with activators.Classification of masks by purpose: regenerating, toning, softening-nourishing, moisturizing, soothing, anti-inflammatory, cleansing, softening, refreshing. Classification of masks by place of application: masks for the face, for the eyelids and lips, for the neck and decollete area, for the hand. Types of body scrubs: classic scrub, soap scrub, cream scrub. Types of facial scrubs: classic, universal, cream scrub, mask scrub, scrub peeling. 3. Technology  The technology of cosmetic masks is determined by the form of release and is similar to the technology of cosmetic preparations of the corresponding form of release. Facial masks are prepared before use. You should not do such funds for future use. They consist of natural ingredients that are rich in vitamins that are destroyed by light, heat and even oxygen. A homemade mask is made quickly and easily. All components are combined and thoroughly mixed in a glass dish. The face is cleansed from cosmetics with micellar water and from impurities with peeling or scrub - after such a procedure, the pores will expand, and the nutrients can penetrate into the deeper layers of the dermis. Quality control of cosmetic scrubs and masks. The quality control of masks. Organoleptic and physico-chemical characteristics of the masks. Appearance - Homogeneous foamy mass without foreign inclusions. Color - Specific to the color of the product of a particular name. Odor - Specific to the smell of a product of a particular name. PH value: 5.0-9.0 For microbiological control of perfumery and cosmetic products, standardized methods of microbiological inoculation are used. The following groups of microorganisms are determined: mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic; yeast, etc.The quality control of scrubs is carried out in accordance with the requirements of analytical documentation, according to organoleptic indicators (color, odor, appearance) and physicochemical indicators: pH, thermal stability, colloidal stability, mass fraction of glycerin, mass fraction of water and volatile substances. 5. The clinical evaluation of masks based on collagen dispersions is determined by the method of corneometry.  The composition of the mask is determined through physico-chemical analyses by the method. The color and smell of the mask determines the organoleptic method.  Mineral metals in the composition of the mask are determined by the colorimetric method.
Ingredients:
Coffee scrub:
A cup of coffee drunk in the morning will not only cheer up, but also help to cleanse the skin. There are many recipes for this, and some of them are also assistants in getting rid of cellulite or "orange peel".
Coffee and honey. To make it yourself, you need honey, coffee. The proportions are 1:2.

1. Honey perfectly moisturizes, smoothes, cleanses, heals small wounds, improves the color and structure of the skin, is perfectly absorbed, fights peeling, redness and black dots. All these properties of honey are perfectly combined in such a cosmetic product as honey scrub.
2. Coffee is one of the most popular cellulite remedies. Scrubs based on it remove dead skin cells and cleanse pores, activate blood circulation, enhance metabolism, allowing you to successfully fight the "orange peel". Coffee is often a part of industrial anti-cellulite cosmetics, but an effective scrub based on it can be made independently.

 
Sugar scrub:
To prepare a sugar scrub, it is best to use cane sugar. It contains a lot of vitamins and trace elements – it will not only help to remove dead cells, but also provide a nutritional effect. 
 
You will need: 
 
1 cup sugar;- Sugar scrub is a tool that is necessary in order to carry out body peeling at home. This procedure helps to make the skin softer due to the fact that during its implementation, the keratinized particles of the upper layer of the skin are exfoliated. After removing these particles, all the cells are saturated with oxygen, and after that the skin becomes more radiant and smooth. Finding a sugar body scrub in the store is not a problem now, but many women prefer to make this useful skin peeling product on their own.
1/2 cup olive oil or any other oil;- Olive oil is useful for the skin of the body as a moisturizing and healing agent. This product can become a full-fledged replacement for cosmetic creams and works comprehensively. Such a remedy does not cause allergic reactions in most people. But before using it, it is necessary to make sure that there is no individual intolerance, which can manifest itself in the form of skin irritation, redness and itching.
a few drops of essential oil to your taste.
All this needs to be thoroughly mixed and massaged with massage movements on steamed wet skin.
 
Chicken egg mask
is another recipe from my Siberian past. This mask perfectly replaces modern masks-films for cleansing, and the effect of it is noticeable after the first application.
Recipe:
Carefully break the egg and separate the white from the yolk
Apply the protein all over your face, avoiding the eye area with the most delicate skin.
Hold it for 15-20 minutes
Wash off with cool water
Since protein has tightening properties, such a remedy is not suitable for women who have dry or irritated skin.
 
Effect:
This homemade mask removes greasy shine
Narrows enlarged pores
Helps to get rid of comedones
Makes the skin supple, taut and velvety
Dries inflammation
 
 
11тақырып Deodorants are cosmetic products designed to mask, weaken or eliminate unpleasant odors. 2. Deodorizing agents are classified: according to the form of release: -aerosol; -creamy; - liquid; -powdered; - gel - like; - in the shape of a pencil; by the mechanism of action: - actually deodorants; - antiperspirants. 3. Technology  Deodorant Technology: - dispersing hydroxyethyl cellulose in water for 2 hours; - introduction of a solution of aluminum hydrochloride; homogenizing the mixture; - preparation of a mixture of propylene glycol with alcohol and introduction into the previously prepared mixture;   - homogenization;  - packing, packaging, marking of the finished product. 4. Quality control of deodorizing cosmetics. 1) Determination of appearance, color and uniformity. The uniformity of these products - the absence of lumps and grains - is determined by touch by lightly rubbing the sample. The appearance and color of products with a solid consistency and packed in jars and cases, and compact products of decorative cosmetics are determined by viewing the surface of the product. 2) Determination of odor.The smell of products with a solid consistency and packed in jars and cases is determined after determining the appearance. Shelf life. Subject to the conditions of transportation and storage, the guaranteed storage period for liquid and solid deodorant agents must be at least 18 months, for creamy and jelly-like agents - at least 12 months from the date (date) of manufacture. 5. All types of deodorant smell and color are determined by organoleptic method. And the composition of deodorants is determined through a physico-chemical method. How safe it is to use deodorant is determined by the toxicological method. Toxicological studies are carried out on animals in laboratories. And their hydrogen index is determined via the potentiometric method.
 
Ingredients:
Deodorant at home: recipe
 
3 cups coconut oil
2 cups shea butter
3 cups baking soda
2 cups corn flour
essential oils (optional)
Melt the shea butter together with coconut oil for a couple of minutes until they become completely liquid. Remove the heat and add baking soda and corn flour to the mixture. Mix everything well and add, if you want, essential oils. Put the resulting mass in a glass vessel and leave to cool.
 
There are several simple and affordable tools that have a similar effect to them:
Soda - has bactericidal properties. Absorbs moisture.
Coconut oil, shea butter, cocoa - have antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, nourishing and protective properties.
Tea tree essential oil is a natural antibiotic that inhibits the development of pathogenic microflora.
Bergamot essential oil - helps reduce sweating.
Starch and clay have the property of absorbing moisture. They act like baby powder.
Vitamin E is a natural antioxidant and preservative, strengthens cell walls, prevents the formation of pathogenic microflora. Just a couple of drops per teaspoon of the composition is enough for it to have its effect.
Oak bark - contains a lot of tannins, acts as an antiseptic.
 
13 тақырып Decorative cosmetic product – a product of decorative cosmetics   on a fat basis, powder or compact,   intended for make-up. Cosmetic Powder - a product of decorative  cosmetics in the form of a powder, used for  masking cosmetic defects, toning and protecting  the skin; Compact powder - a cosmetic powder containing  binders in the form of compact blocks that are  inserted into the powder, or balls. Blush is a product of decorative cosmetics on  an oily basis, powdery or compact, designed to  give the skin of the Face a certain color and   shade. Eyeshadow is a powdery or compact oil-based  make-up product designed to tint the eyelid  skin to add shine and expression to the eyes. Eyebrow shadow is a product of decorative   cosmetics on an oily, powdery or compact basis,  designed to give eyebrows different color  shades. Lipstick is a decorative cosmetics product intended for coloring lips; 2. Cosmetics for decorative purposes for skin care are classified:  for the care of the facial area: eyelids (eye shadow, contour pencils, kayals, eyeliners, liners); eyelashes (mascara); eyebrows (pencils, eyebrow mascara); cheeks (blush); red lip rims (lipsticks, lip gloss, contour pencils); - faces in general (powder, foundation creams, primer). By the nature of the dispersed system: - homogeneous systems (true solutions) - paints; - heterogeneous systems: powders (powder, blush, eye shadow, etc.); According to the form of issue: - pasty (mascara for eyelashes and eyebrows); gel-like (hair gels); - shaped: compact (eye shadow, blush, powder); bruskovye (mascara for eyelashes and eyebrows); in the form of a pencil (eye shadow, lipsticks); in the form of a rod (lipsticks, eyeliners). Mascara for short-term coloring, thickening and   lengthening of eyelashes, giving them volume and a clear  shape 3. Technology  The technological process for the preparation of powdery powder consists of the following operations: weighing the components, grinding, sieving, mixing, preparing a dry solution of dyes, introducing a dry solution of dyes, kosnov powder, grinding, sifting, packing, packaging, marking the finished powder. The manufacturing process for powder blush and eyeshadow is the same as for powder.  The technological process for the production of compact powders, blush and shadows consists of the following operations: preparation of a fat additive, preparation of a liquid binding additive, preparation of a "dry" solution of dyes, weighing and mixing of components, sifting the mass, compacting, packaging and marking the product The technological process for the production of lipsticks consists of the following stages and operations:  - preparation of raw materials: - preparation of the dye, dispersing the pigment with a part of the fatty base at a ratio (1: 4) and grinding the mass; 1) preparation of the fatty base - melting waxes at a temperature of 80-85 ° C, the introduction of oils and deaeration of the mixture; 2) obtaining a mass of lipstick - adding a mixture of pigments with stirring for 30-60 minutes (for 10 minutes at the end of mixing, if necessary, pearlescent dyes are introduced); perfumery, cooling to 60-62 and allowing the mass to stand; 3) shaping the lipstick rod; 4) packaging, marking of the finished product. 4. Quality control is determined by organoleptic and physicochemical indicators. Appearance - Homogeneously colored mass, free of impurities. Color - Inherent to the color (tone) of this product. Odor - Characteristic of the smell of this product. Hiding power - The coating is uniformly colored, easy to apply. Mass fraction of water and volatile substances - 10-90. The pH is 5.0-8.5. Colloidal stability - Stable. Thermal stability – Stable. Lipsticks should have a smooth, evenly colored surface, pleasant smell and taste, without a greasy aftertaste. The pencil should not crumble, rancid, be covered with a gray coating, should give an even, homogeneous smear that is easily applied to the skin. 5. According to the organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters of the products of decorative cosmetics on a fat basis, including lipsticks, their color, smell and composition are determined. And safety is determined through toxicological and microbiological methods.  And their hydrogen index is determined by the potentiometer method.
Ingredients of Cosmetics for decorative purposes for skin care. According to the main types of raw materials used for its manufacture, decorative cosmetics are subdivided into products on a fat wax basis, powdery and compact, on emulsion and polymer bases. Adipose-based cosmetics are solid lipsticks, blush, eye shadow, eyeliner pencils, lips, eyebrows and other products. They are made from a mixture of synthetic and natural products: fats, waxes, oils, biologically active substances with the addition of dyes and pigments. Powdery and compact products of decorative cosmetics - powder, dry blush, compact eye shadow, which are finely ground powdered flavored mixtures of mineral and organic substances. Emulsion-based cosmetics are liquid products: foundations, bases, make-up bases, blush, lip gloss and balms, mascara and eyeliner. They are a homogeneous mass consisting of fatty components, water, emulsifiers, stabilizers, active additives, pigments and dyes. Polymer-based products - nail varnishes and enamels, base coatings, etc. They are solutions of polymeric film-forming substances in organic solvents with the addition of dyes and pigments, oils, vitamins and other useful additives.
 
14 тақырып Hair dye is a composition that gives a particular color to the hair that is covered or soaked with it. During the coloring process, the chemical interaction of the coloring composition with the keratin of the hair occurs. Film-forming substances are polymeric substances that leave a flexible and well-glued film on the surface of hair and skin. Hairspray is a spray that is used to create and maintain a hairstyle for a fairly long time. Mousse for hair is a styling product that stylists use to create a basal volume. Hair gel is a universal modeling agent for water-based styling. 2. Means of decorative cosmetics for hair care, depending on the cosmetic effect, are classified into means for: - hair color changes; - hair shape changes; - styling and fixing hairstyles. 
Hair Dyes - the main components: dyes - gives color, surfactants - as foaming agents and emulsifiers, thickeners - allows you to visually mask small areas with rarely growing hair., preservatives -protect the product from microbial contamination, antioxidants - to protect hair and skin from the harmful effects of oxidative damage.
additional components: urea - promotes the adsorption of dyes by the hair.
Chemical perming. The main components: thio-organic compounds and their derivatives, glycerin monothyoglycolate - low pH value of the solution. 
additional components: urea, surfactants, proteins, polymers - preparation of hair for curling, improvement of hair quality after curling.the main components: thio-organic compounds and their derivatives, glycerin monothyoglycolate - low pH value of the solution.  Additional components: urea, surfactants, proteins, polymers - preparation of hair for curling, improvement of hair quality after curling.
Hairspray. main components: polymer compounds
Auxiliary components: plasticizers - add extra shine and softness to the film, dyes, moisturizers, keratin, vitamins (B5).
 
3. Technology The technology of paints for is determined by the physicochemical properties of the components of the formulation of the drug. The technological process for the production of hair dyes, consists of the following operations: - preparation of soap-alcohol solution; The technological process for the preparation of a perm preparation (composition No. 1) includes the following operations: - preparation of CMC solution; - introduction of a solution of ammonia or ethanolamines and a part of purified water with cooling to and constant stirring for 10 minutes; - adding a solution of thioglycolic acid, stirring at a temperature not exceeding 15 ° С; - pH control (at pH less than 7, neutralization of thioglycolic acid with ammonia or ethanolamines); - sequential introduction of a surfactant solution, ammonium sodium carbonate tetraborate; - pH control, the value of which should be equal to 5-10 (optimum 9.3-9.6); - packing, packaging, marking of the finished product. Hairspray technology The technological process of obtaining hairspray consists of the following stages: - preparation of the solution; - filling with solutions of aerosol packaging. Ethyl alcohol enters the reactor through the filter, and the required amount of film-forming agents is loaded there when the mixer is turned on. The reactor is sealed and the mixture is heated to a temperature of 45-50 ° C. After complete dissolution of the film-forming agents (45-60 min), the solution is cooled to room temperature, perfume is added and stirred for 5-7 min. After filtration, the finished solution is fed to the filling line in cylinders and packaging in cardboard boxes. After quality control, finished products are delivered to the finished product warehouse. 4. Quality control. Acceptance and periodic tests are carried out to verify the compliance of hair care cosmetics with the requirements of the standard. First, attention is paid to the harmony of the name, design, color, additives and smell. These characteristics should form a single whole - the image of the product. Organoleptic evaluation(оценка) The appearance and color of products having the consistency of an emulsion, gel, jelly, etc., is determined by viewing the sample, placed in a thin even layer on a glass slide or a sheet of white paper. The uniformity of the product - the absence of lumps, grains - is determined by touch by lightly rubbing the sample. The smell is evaluated using a 10% aqueous solution at a solution temperature of 40-45 ° C. Physical and chemical quality indicators include: • pH value- 1,2-8,5; • the degree of irritation of the mucous membrane of the eye; • mass fraction of dry matter- 0,002; • mass fraction of chlorides-0,001. Hair styling and hair fixing products should: • leave a flexible, even and thin film on the hair; • fix the hairstyle well; • when combing and washing hair, it is easy to remove from them; • give hair shine and healthy look; • for products in aerosol containers - have a quick drying, ie. rapid evaporation of organic solvents. Hair styling products should not stick your hair together.5. The organoleptic method determines the smell and color of the products.   Physico-chemical methods, the composition of the product and its physical properties are determined. Additional methods of analysis: spectrographic, chromatographic, the amount of ethyl alcohol is determined.  With the toxicological method, metals in the composition of the product are determined
 
 
 
15 тақырып
Nail polish is a colorless or colored solution consisting of a plasticizer, polymer, pigment and solvent. Nail polish remover is a cosmetic product designed to remove nail polish. The liquid softens the hardened varnish, after which it is easier to remove. 2. Nail care cosmetics include varnishes, nail enamels and nail polish remover. 
Nail polish. The main components are: primary film-forming substances - cellulose acetate, ethyl cellulose; secondary film-forming substances - resins: give a blex, increase water resistance; plasticizers - high-molecular esters, castor oil: gives the film elasticity, protects it from swelling. 
Additional components: solvents - acetone: improve the application of varnish, reduce the drying time of the film; diluents - alcohols, aromatically, aliphatic hydrocarbons: regulation of evaporation of volatile solvents, stabilization of viscosity.
Nail polish remover. Ingredients: organic solvents, oils, vitamins, perfumes, dyes.
3. Technology  Technology of preparation of nail polish Preparation of nail polish consists of the following technological stages: - dissolution of the primary and secondary film-former in organic solvents; - introduction of a plasticizer; - homogenizing the mixture (30-60 min) and maturation (48 hours); - filtration of the base; - preparation of a solution of dyes in ethyl alcohol (with constant stirring for 2-3 hours); - introduction of a solution of dye, pigments into the base and homogenization (6 hours); - maturation of varnish within 3 days; - packing, sealing and labeling of the finished product 4. Quality control. Varnishes, enamels for nails must correspond to the assigned color number, varnish - transparent, without turbidity and sediment; enamel is opaque, homogeneous. They should lie on the nails evenly and smoothly, dry quickly (no more than 2.5 minutes), forming an even, shiny film resistant to household chemicals (detergents, etc.). 5. The smell and color of the product are determined by the organoleptic method.   Their composition is determined by the physico-chemical method.  The amount of ethyl alcohol is determined by the chronometric method.   And their hydrogen index is determined through the potentiometer method
12 тақырып Toothpaste is a jelly-like mass for brushing teeth. Elixirs of teeth perfectly deodorize the oral cavity and prevent the formation of dental stones. Tooth powder is a personal hygiene product of the oral cavity, designed to clean teeth from food residues. 2. Cosmetics for the care of the oral cavity and teeth are classified:  Toothpates, elixirs of teeth, tooth powder.  3. Technology Toothpaste technology The technological process for preparing toothpastes is determined by the type of dispersion medium used as their basis, and consists of the following main stages: 1. Preparation of raw materials. 2. Preparation of toothpaste: - preparation of a mixture of thickener and moisturizer, dispersion (10 min); - adding water to obtain a gel (15-20 min);  - introduction of abrasive, homogenization (25-30 min); - the introduction of aromatic substances, sweeteners, flavorings, dyes, preservatives; - introduction of detergents under vacuum, homogenization (20 min); homogenization, deaeration (15-20 min); - control - "ripening" of the paste (5 days). 3.Packaging, packaging, marking of the finished product. 4. Quality control of cosmetic products for the care of the oral cavity and teeth. Requirements for products for the care of teeth and oral cavity. Tooth powder should be homogeneous, free of lumps and solid inclusions, with a pleasant smell, and create a feeling of freshness in the mouth. The moisture content of the powder is no more than 3%. Toothpastes should be homogeneous, in the form of a post-like or gel-like mass without grains, foreign inclusions; have a pleasant smell, taste, color. The pastes should be easily squeezed out of the tubes, spread on the brush, not hardened when tightly packed, pH-7 - 10.3; should have a polishing, refreshing, disinfecting, healing effect, retain their properties during long-term storage. The moisture content in the paste is from 17.5 to 45%, depending on the type. Dental elixirs should be transparent, without turbidity and sediment, pleasant to the taste, eliminate unpleasant odor in the mouth, and refresh it. 5. The appearance and color of tooth powders, toothpastes and gels are determined by viewing a sample placed on a smooth glass plate or a sheet of white paper. By light rubbing, the absence of grains, impurities, voids or droplets, exfoliated liquid is established. The hydrogen pH index is determined using a pH meter device. the total number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria is determined by microbiological method.
Ingredients of Cosmetics for the care of the oral cavity and teeth. The cleaning ability of toothpastes depends on the quality and quantity of abrasives. They produce chalk and non-chalk pastes. The abrasive component of chalk pastes is chalk, the particles of which not only remove plaque, but also thin the enamel, which is unacceptable. In chalk-free pastes, dicalcium phosphate, calcium pyrophosphate, insoluble sodium metaphosphate are used as an abrasive. The foam formation (jfoot number) of toothpastes depends on the content of tensides (foaming agents), which are surfactants. As surfactants for toothpastes are used, for example, sodium lauryl sulfate, etc. The whitening component in toothpastes is hydrogen peroxide, its amount is strictly regulated. Therapeutic and prophylactic properties of toothpastes. For this, compounds of fluoride, calcium, extracts of medicinal plants and other substances are introduced into the composition of the pastes.